# How Chainguard Builds Secure Container Images

> Source: https://www.ymotongpoo.com/books/chainguard-image-toolchain/


Chainguard builds secure container images without Dockerfiles, using two open-source tools, melange and apko, together. This book walks through how these two tools cooperate with Wolfi OS, alternating between conceptual explanations and hands-on exercises you can follow along with. It covers the whole path: building an APK package from source, assembling it into a container image, and publishing that image to a registry.

- [Introduction](/books/chainguard-image-toolchain/00-introduction/)
- [The Reproducibility Problem with Dockerfiles](/books/chainguard-image-toolchain/05-problem/)
- [Wolfi OS and APK Packages](/books/chainguard-image-toolchain/10-wolfi/)
- [How melange Is Designed](/books/chainguard-image-toolchain/15-melange-concept/)
- [Building an APK Package with melange](/books/chainguard-image-toolchain/20-melange-handson/)
- [How apko Is Designed](/books/chainguard-image-toolchain/25-apko-concept/)
- [Assembling a Container Image with apko](/books/chainguard-image-toolchain/30-apko-handson/)
- [How melange and apko Work Together](/books/chainguard-image-toolchain/35-melange-apko-integration/)
- [Chainguard Images in Practice](/books/chainguard-image-toolchain/60-chainguard-images-practice/)
- [Conclusion](/books/chainguard-image-toolchain/65-conclusion/)
- [References](/books/chainguard-image-toolchain/99-references/)